Neo-Classical Art was a revival, in the mid 1700's, of Classical Art from 500BC Greece onwards, combined with new philosophical thinking. It was a backlash against the Rococo and Baroque art styles before it. They were both extravagant styles that artists decided to move away from. This was due to, David and Ingres wanting to depict recent heros of the French revolution to the Greek heros, such as Heracles and Theseus, also seen in Renaissance art work.
The Romantic movement was simply a reaction to the disillusionment of the Enlightenment period. It emphasised emotions and imagination, using 'classic' fairy tales and myths as the basis for much of their work. A central idea to Romanticism is the originality of the artist, making them the main feature, rather than the model
Realism was the accurate objective description of the ordinary, or real, world, and was especially evident in painting. Realism artists tried not to imitate artistic achievements already achieved, but show an accurate depiction of nature and
contemporary life the artist saw around them. "The artificiality of both the
Classicism and Romanticism in the academic art was unanimously rejected,
and necessity to introduce contemporary to art found strong support."
The Impressionist art is a style in which the artist captures the image of
an object as someone would see it if they just caught a glimpse of it, they are slightly blurred. Their
pictures are outdoor scenes, they tend to be bright and
vibrant. The artists liked to capture the images with colors, rather than detail.
Post Impressionism actually started before the end of the Impressionist era. The term 'Post-Impressionism' was coined by a Mr. Roger Fry as he prepared
for an exhibition at the Grafton Gallery in London in 1910; he called the exhibition "Manet and the Post-Impressionists", a clever marketing campaign to pair a 'brand' name with European artists whose work was not so well known, if at all, in
England. The exhibition included "Vincent van Gogh,
Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, George Seurat, André Derain, Maurice de
Vlaminck and Othon Friesz, plus the sculptor Aristide Maillol.
Post-Impressionists pushed the ideas of the Impressionists into new
directions, their modernist journey from the past into the future."
In Expressionism the artist attempts to depict the subjective emotions and responses that events or objects give him. He does this by distorting, exaggerating, the image and using primitivism, and fantasy, and "through the
vivid, jarring, violent, or dynamic application of formal elements".
Fauvism (les fauves-wild
beasts)rejected the softer pallette and style of the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists and used pure colour in large doses, with broader brushstrokes and more vibrant ones. The style first appeared in 1905, shocking the public (hence the name). The style can widely be considered to have influanced later artists
"Cubism
was possibly the most revolutionary style of modern
art; developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, it was
the first form of abstract art. Evolving at the beginning
of the 20th century, it was greatly influanced by the changing world around it. The world as a whole had experianced more technological advances (phone, car, etc) in 40 years than it had in well over 400. Picasso and Braque felt that art needed a new style to reflect all this change, and both had a mutual interest in Cézannes later work
Dada artworks presented a paradox; they sought
to demystify artwork but remain
cryptic, letting the viewer interpret the work in a variety of
ways. Some Dadaists , like Cubists, portrayed figures and scenes
representationally so as to analyse the form and movement of them. Others (such asKurt Schwitters) used abstraction to "express the
metaphysical essence of their subject matter." Both forms picked up on incidents of life and showed them in a new and interesting manner. "Tristan Tzara
especially fought the assumption that Dada was a statement; yet Tzara
and his fellow artists became increasingly agitated by politics and
sought to incite a similar fury in Dada audiences."
Surrealist Art aimed to make the conscious less over-powering in art and to experiment with peoples perseption of reality or physical objects. There were several ways of presenting the idea, through collage, like Max Ernst, 'automatic art' - drawing without using conscious control - and more traditional painting and drawing.
Abstract Expressionism was the idea that everyone had a right to freedom of expression, and that art can, and should, be a medium for this. Styles varied greatly, from Jackson Pollock (for example) creating large, fairly uncontrolled pieces, to Mark Rothko, who made more subdued, broody art. However, they both shared the same opinion of the idea of freedom of expression; that is should be free.
The term 'Pop Art' was coined, in Britain, during the 1950s. It referred a number of artists who ha d taken an interest in images of "mass media,
advertising, comics and consumer products". It was influenced art pieces in
Eduardo Paolozzi's 1953 exhibition Parallel between Art and Life, and by American artists like Robert Rauschenberg; British artists like the Independent Group - Alison and Peter Smithson, Richard Hmailton, Edourdo Paolozzi, Nigel Henderson, Lawrence Alloway and John Hale - aimed to broaden taste to more popular, less academic art. Hamilton helped to organise the
'Man, Machine, and Motion' exhibition in 1955, and 'This is Tomorrow'
with the still famous image Just What is it that makes today's home so different, so appealing?
(1956). Pop Art coincided with youth and pop music of the 1950s and '60s, and became very much a part of the
image of fashionable, 'swinging' London
Minimal art
emerged in late 1950's America. The
term was lifted from an essay about modern art by art
philosopher Richard Wollheim in 1965. . Minimal Art was first established in paintings, and then sculpture, where it had a much greater
impact.
Minimal art sculptures were often made from industrial materials, such as aluminium, concrete, glass, steel, wood, plastic or stone. The artist’s personal signature was from the work as many of the sculptures were made industrially.
Minimal art sculptures were often made from industrial materials, such as aluminium, concrete, glass, steel, wood, plastic or stone. The artist’s personal signature was from the work as many of the sculptures were made industrially.
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