For landscape photography you need to use a tripod to keep the camera steady. It reduces camera shake, lets you photograph the same thing several times and allows the shutter speed to be very long. Having a long shutter speed means the ISO can be very low, giving the image a much less noise, making the image much better quality.
Composition is very important - without it the image can look flat and dull. 3 basic and well-used rules are the 1) the rule of thirds - mentally splitting the image into 9 squares and using it frame the image, 2) having a focal point - so that the images revolves a round it, like a starting point for the eye, and 3) depth - including shadows and direct light so that the image is not flat.
Metering modes change with the light is mostly taken from to make the image. There are 3 main modes - 'Spot' 'Center Weighted' and 'Matrix' or 'Evaluative' (depending on your camera). Spot takes light from the center of the image - reducing chances of silhouettes; Center Weighted balances light from all over the frame (generally giving the better picture) and Matrix/Evaluative takes a mean of the light in the frame - the mode where silhouettes are most likely to appear.
Histograms (only available on some cameras) show the amount of light in the images that you have already taken - bringing up a graph with burnt out at one end and completely black at the other.
Bracketing is taking several identical images using the different modes and then putting them together in Photoshop so that all the lighting in the image is fully balanced.
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